THE DEPRESSION OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND AGRESSION BEHAVIOR OF FLAT RESIDENTS RELATED TO THE SOCIAL DENSITY AND CROWDING

Abstract

Housing system which consists of more than one floor or flat is one of efficient alternatives for the
Indonesian urban areas, which are known for being very crowded and having limited land area. This research aims
to find the correlation between the social density and crowding with the depression, social behavior, and aggression
behavior of the residents. The subjects were 81 adult flat residents. This research is a quantitative research. The data
are collected through interviews and observations. A Likert-scale questionnaire was used to measure the rate of
crowding and density, depression, prosocial behavior and aggression behavior. For data analysis, used path analysis,
instrument validity test, item validity test, Pearson correlation test, instrument reliability test by using alpha
cronbach reliability value. Assumption test showed that there was no multicolinearity on the data of inter exogen
variables. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the rate of density and crowding with
depression, producing low prosocial behavior among the flat residents. The rate of social density and living space is
correlated with crowding. The higher the rate of density and crowding goes, the higher depression level goes, which
in turn will result in lower prosocial behavior. Higher rate of density and crowding also correlated with higher
depression level, which causes higher aggression towards the adult flat residents. When the rate of density and
crowding goes up, the level of depression is also increasing, which will increase the aggression behavior of the flat
residents. Houses with long corridor also cause many unwanted interactions, dissentions, and problems compared to
houses with short corridor. Besides density and crowding, there are several other factors related to depression,
prosocial behavior and aggression, such as gender, age, length of stay, social economy, activities on the home floor,
individual condition, culture and similarities.